Quiz Entry - updated: 2026.10.22
Which four factors make up the criterion "identification of natural persons"?
Presence (PP), evidence (IE), validation of the data (IV) and non-repudiation (NP).
The criterion answers: How was the identity of the person who received an identity verified, and on what basis were optional attributes checked? It is broken down into four factors, each with graded values:
| Factor | German | Question | Values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Presence | Anwesenheit | In what form is the applicant present? | PP.a to PP.d |
| Evidence | Beweismittel | Is there genuine, valid proof of identity from a reliable source? | IE.a to IE.d |
| Validation of the data | Validierung der Angaben | Do the person, the evidence and the claimed data belong together? | IV.a to IV.d |
| Non-repudiation | Nichtabstreitbarkeit | Can it later be proven that this applicant was present at registration? | NP.a to NP.c |
The four factors separate questions that are easy to blur: seeing a person (presence) is not the same as seeing a genuine document (evidence), which is not the same as checking that the document belongs to the person in front of you (validation), which is not the same as being able to prove all that afterwards (non-repudiation).
Go deeper:
GOV.UK: How to prove and verify someone's identity (GPG 45) — a comparable government model that scores evidence strength, validity and verification separately.