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Privacy Enhancing Technologies, or PETs, are technical tools and methods that protect personal data by minimizing collection, ensuring confidentiality, and reducing risk. Privacy Enhancing Technologies are technologies that shape data processing so that data protection is maximiz...

Quiz: PRIVACY / TOM and OSINT | updated: Jul 30, 2026

GDPR Article 25 makes Privacy by Design and Privacy by Default a binding legal obligation, defining five specific elements that organizations must implement. The five elements of Article 25: Data minimization. Collect and process only what's strictly necessary for the stated pur...

Quiz: PRIVACY / TOM and OSINT | updated: Jul 30, 2026

OSINT creates personal data through combination, and both the DSGVO and revDSG impose purpose limitation, proportionality, and transparency obligations on anyone who collects it. Personal data through combination. This is the crucial legal concept. Even if individual data points...

Quiz: PRIVACY / TOM and OSINT | updated: Jul 30, 2026

OSINT ethics follow a three-zone model: clearly legal and allowed, clearly illegal and forbidden, and a gray zone where context determines appropriateness. Clearly legal and allowed: Viewing public social media profiles. Using Google and other public search engines. Accessing pu...

Quiz: PRIVACY / TOM and OSINT | updated: Jul 30, 2026

OSINT, meaning Open Source Intelligence, is the systematic collection and analysis of publicly available information, and its core principle is that "publicly accessible" does not mean "harmless." * The five-phase intelligence cycle underlying OSINT collection. * OSINT sits at t...

Quiz: PRIVACY / TOM and OSINT | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Cookies are essential for session management, e-commerce carts, and personalization; alternatives like Local/Session Storage and IndexedDB exist but have security and scope limitations. Indispensable functions: Session management — login & authentication state E-commerce — shopp...

Quiz: PRIVACY / Web Tracking | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Browser fingerprinting identifies a device by the unique combination of its software, hardware, and configuration — with no cookies or stored state required. * Attributes that combine into a browser fingerprint. — Laperdrix et al., CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. * Three attri...

Quiz: PRIVACY / Web Tracking | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Google Analytics transferred personal data (including IP addresses) to US servers without an adequate legal basis; courts ruled that explicit consent is required and that IP anonymization alone is not sufficient. The core problem — US data transfer: Google Analytics sent persona...

Quiz: PRIVACY / Web Tracking | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Location can be derived from GPS, WiFi triangulation, cell-tower (cellular) positioning, and Bluetooth beacons; combining them yields continuous, meter-accurate tracking. The main data sources: Technology How it locates you GPS Satellite positioning; most precise outdoors...

Quiz: PRIVACY / Web Tracking | updated: Jul 30, 2026

PETs (Privacy-Enhancing Technologies) fall into three classic categories: data minimization and masking, control and transparency, and anonymous usage. * The three classic PET categories with examples. * 1. Data Minimization and Masking. The simplest approach: collect less data...

Quiz: PRIVACY / TOM and OSINT | updated: Jul 30, 2026